Pediatric Glaucoma
Pediatric Glaucoma is comparative rare. Primary infantile/primary congenital glaucoma occurs at a rate of approximately one in ten thousand. The damage of the optic nerve due to high intraocular pressure causes the glaucoma and if it is untreated than it will progresses to vision loss with the initiation of unobserved blind spots at the edges of visual field followed by tunnel vision and finally to blindness. The causes of glaucoma include optic nerve damage along with the several underlying causes which are unknown. According to world health organization (WHO) glaucoma is the 2nd major cause of blindness across the globe. Elderly patients are more prone to glaucoma but it can develop at any age. There are different signs and symptoms are associated with infants and Childrens than adults. Large eyes, excessive tearing and cloudy eyes are the signs of glaucoma in children under age 2.
- Genetic disorders
- Accommodative insufficiency
- Abnormal vision development
- Congential malformations affecting vision
- Retinopathy at prematurity
- Diagnosis and treatment
Related Conference of Pediatric Glaucoma
February 24-25, 2025
17th World Congress on General Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
Toronto, Canada
March 17-18, 2025
40th International Conference on Advanced Pediatrics and Neonatology
Berlin, Germany
March 25-26, 2025
17th World Congress on Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Surgery
Aix-en-Provence, France
April 29-30, 2025
6th World Summit on Neonatology, Pediatrics and Developmental Medicine
Barcelona, Spain
June 04-05, 2025
25th World Congress on Pediatric Neurology and Neuropathology
Amsterdam, Netherlands
June 04-05, 2025
39th International Conference on Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Therapy
Edinburgh, Scotland
July 14-15, 2025
9th Annual World Congress on Pediatric Nutrition, Gastroenterology and Child Development
Zurich, Switzerland
July 21-22, 2025
6th International Conference on Pediatrics, Child Health and Emergency Care
Aix-en-Provence, France
July 28-29, 2025
8th International Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Healthcare Conference
Dubai, UAE
September 11-12, 2025
20th European Congress on Clinical Pediatrics and Child Care
Budapest, Hungary
September 18-19, 2025
41st International Conference on Pediatric and Nutritional Research
Amsterdam, Netherlands
October 06-07, 2025
11th International Conference on Pediatrics Research and Adolescent Medicine
Las Vegas, USA
November 19-20, 2025
34th International Conference on Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Nursing
Barcelona, Spain
November 24-25, 2025
7th International Conference on Advances in Neonatal and Pediatric Nutrition
Barcelona, Spain
Pediatric Glaucoma Conference Speakers
Recommended Sessions
- Advanced Vision Science
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
- Amblyopia
- Cataract Diabetes
- Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD)
- Low Vision
- Ocular Oncology
- Ophthalmic Research and Drug Development
- Optometry and Vision Science
- Pediatric Cataract Surgery
- Pediatric Contact Lens
- Pediatric Glaucoma
- Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Optometry
- Pediatric Strabismus
- Protective Eye Care and New advancements
- Reconstructive & Functional Oculoplastics
- Refractive Errors and Management
- Retina and Retinal Disorders
- Vision Screening
Related Journals
Are you interested in
- Pediatrics Emergency Medicine - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatrics Obesity - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Abortion - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Adolescent Health - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Adolescent Medicine - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Adolescent Medicine and Transition of Care - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Adolescent Medicine: Addressing Unique Needs - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Adolescent Medicine: Addressing Unique Needs - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Adolescent Physical Development - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Adolescent Sexual Health - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Advancements in Pediatric Vaccinology - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Advances in Neonatal and Perinatal Care - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Advances in Neonatal Care - PEDIATRIC CONGRESS 2025 (Spain)
- Advances in Neonatal Care and Technology - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Advances in Neonatal Imaging Techniques - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Advances in Pediatric Cardiology and Heart Conditions - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Advances in Pediatric Epilepsy: AI-Driven Diagnosis & Therapy - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- Advances in Pediatric Medicine - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Advances in Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Advances in Pediatric Oncology: Shaping the Future of Cancer Care for Children - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Advances in Pediatric Radiotherapy: Enhancing Precision and Minimizing Harm - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- AI for Detecting Rare Pediatric Neurological Diseases - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI in Early Detection of Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI in Neuroinflammation: Mapping Brain Response - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI in Neuroinflammation: Mapping Brain Response - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI in Pediatric Brain Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI in Pediatric Neurocritical Care Decision Support - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI in Pediatric Neurological Emergency Care - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI in Pediatric Neurology Education & Training - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI in Pediatric Neurology: Revolutionizing Diagnostics & Treatment - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI in Pediatric Neuropathology: Redefining Disease Classification - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI in Pediatric Stroke: Enhancing Early Detection & Recovery - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI Tools for Monitoring Neurological Disease Progression in Children - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- AI-Driven Biomarkers in Pediatric Neuropathology - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Amniotic Band - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Antibiotic Stewardship and Resistance in Pediatrics - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Antiviral Therapies in Pediatric Patients - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Autism Spectrum Disorders: Research and Interventions - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Autism/ ADHD/ Anxiety - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Behavioral Pediatrics: Assessment and Intervention - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Birth Asphyxia - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Breast Feeding - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Breast feeding - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Breastfeeding - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Breastfeeding - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Cancer Genomics and Biomarkers in Pediatrics: Shaping the Future of Pediatric Oncology - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Catheter-based valve implantation - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Challenges in Pediatric Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology: Overcoming Barriers for Early Detection - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- CHILD ABUSE PEDIATRICS - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Child and Adolescent Obesity - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Child Development & Stages - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Child Development and Behavioural Disorders - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Child Development and Psychology - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Child Developmental & Behavioral Disorders - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Child Health - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Child Immunization - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Child Immunology and Autoimmune Disorders - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Child Nutrition And Development - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Child Oral Health and Dentistry - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Child Psychology - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Child Truma and pain - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma: Advancing Treatments and Care - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Childhood Neurological Disorders - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Chronic Infections in Pediatric Patients - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Climate Change and Pediatric Health - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Clinical and Practical Advances - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Clinical Pediatric Gastric Problems - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- CLINICAL PEDIATRICS - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Clinical Pediatrics - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Clinical Pediatrics - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Clinical Pediatrics - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Clinical Trials and Case Reports in Pediatrics - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Congenital Disorders - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Congenital Disorders and Genetic Diseases in Pediatrics - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Congenital heart defect correction in Pediatrics - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Congenital Malformations & Birth Complications - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Congenital Malformations & Birth Complications - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Congenital Malformations & Birth Complications - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- COVID-19 and its Impact on Pediatric Care - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- COVID-19 in Children - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- COVID-19 in Children - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- COVID-19 in Children - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Critical Care Nursing - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Deep Learning for Pediatric Neurogenetics - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIOURAL PEDIATRICS - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Diabetes and Metabolism - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Digital Health and Technology in Pediatrics - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Early Diagnosis and Intervention in Developmental Disorders - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- EATING DISORDERS - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Emerging Viral Infections in Children - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Environmental Factors and Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Ethical Challenges in AI for Pediatric Neurology - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Cancer Research and Treatment: Navigating Complex Decisions - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Ethical Issues in Pediatric Clinical Trials - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Ethics and Pediatric Care in Global Health Contexts - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Fetal cardiology - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Food Industry - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Frequently Asked Questions for Newborn Babies - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Fungal Infections in Pediatric Populations - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Future of Pediatric Healthcare - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Future of Pediatric Medicine - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- General Pediatrics - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- General Pediatrics - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- General Pediatrics - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- General Pediatrics and Child Health - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- General Pediatrics/Emergency Medicine - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- General Pediatrics: Advancements in Care - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- General Pediatrics: Advancements in Care - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Genetic and Metabolic Disorders in Development - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Genetic Diseases of Newborns - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Genetic Disorders and Neonatal Screening - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Genomics and Precision Medicine in Pediatrics - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Global Epidemiology of Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Global Health and Pediatric Care in Developing Countries - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Global Health Challenges in Pediatrics - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Global Health in Pediatrics - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Global Immunization Strategies for Pediatric Populations - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Global Perspectives in Pediatrics - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Global Perspectives on Pediatric Cancer Care and Access to Treatment: Bridging the Gap - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Growth and Development - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Healthcare and Hospital Management - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Heart Valve Disease - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatrics: Advancements and Challenges - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Pediatric Infections - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Immunocompromised Children and Infections - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Immunology and Allergy in Pediatrics - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Impact of Climate Change on Child Health - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Industry Symposiums and Exhibitions - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Industry Symposiums and Exhibitions - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Infection Prevention and Control in Pediatric Healthcare Settings - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Infections in Pediatric Surgical and ICU Patients - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Infectious Disease Outbreak Preparedness in Pediatric Healthcare - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Infectious Diseases - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Innovations in Neonatal Intensive Care Units - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Innovations in Pediatric Cancer Surgery - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Innovations in Pediatric Healthcare - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Innovations in Pediatric Healthcare - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Innovations in Pediatric Infectious Disease Diagnostics - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Innovations in Pediatric Pharmacology - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Innovations in Pediatric Surgery - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Innovations in Pediatric Surgery - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Innovations in Pediatric Surgery and Minimally Invasive Techniques - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Innovations in Telemedicine for Pediatric Care - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Innovative Approaches to Pediatric Cancer Pain Management: Enhancing Quality of Life - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Innovative Therapeutics for Pediatric Infections - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Integrative Oncology Approaches for Pediatric Patients: Combining Conventional and Complementary Therapies - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Issues in Child Development and Care - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Long-Term Outcomes for High-Risk Neonates - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Long-Term Outcomes of Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Management of Common Pediatric Infections - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Management of Pediatric Asthma and Allergies - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Management of Premature Infants - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Maternal-Fetal Transmission of Infectious Diseases - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Medical Education and Research in Pediatrics - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Mental Health and Developmental Disorders in Children - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Mental Health and Psychiatry - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Mental Health Challenges in Pediatric Populations - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Pediatric Settings - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Natural Language Processing in Pediatric Neurology Research - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal & Development-Behavioral Medicine - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Strategies for Care - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal and Fetal Nutrition - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Neonatal and Fetal Nutrition - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmacology - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Neonatal Cardiology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Cardiology and Hemodynamics - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Neonatal Dermatology - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Disorders - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Neonatal Disorders - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Neonatal Endocrinology and Diabetes - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal ENT/Ophthalmology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Genetic Disorders - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Genetics and Genomic Medicine - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Neonatal Hearing Screening Programs - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Hematology/Oncology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Hypocalcemia - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Infectious Diseases - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Infectious Diseases - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Neonatal Intensive & Critical Care - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Neonatal Intensive & Critical Care - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Neonatal Intensive Care - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Neonatal Intensive Care and Premature Birth Management - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Innovations - PEDIATRIC CONGRESS 2025 (Spain)
- Neonatal Intensive care Unit (NICUs)/Intensive Care Nursery - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Jaundice - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Jaundice: Diagnosis and Management - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Nephrology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Neurology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Neurology: Current Research and Practices - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- NEONATAL NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS CONGENITAL EFFECTS - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Neonatal Nursing - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Neonatal Pain and Sedation - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Neonatal Pain Management - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Neonatal Pain Management: Current Approaches - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Pathology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Pharmacology/Toxicology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Pulmonology & Asthma - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Radiology and Anaesthesiology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Resuscitation: Best Practices - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Screening - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Sepsis - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatal Surgery and Nursing - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatology - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Neonatology - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Neonatology - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Neonatology - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Neonatology and Perinatal Medicine - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- NEONATOLOGY AND PERINATOLOGY - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Neonatology and Perinatology - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Neonatology and Perinatology - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Neonatology and Perinatology - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Networking and Special Events - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Neurogenomics & AI: Unlocking Genetic Insights in Neurological Disorders - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- Neurologist and Pediatric Neurology - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- NEW BORN RESPIRATORY DISORDERS - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- New Childhood Vaccines - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- New Developments in Pediatric Cancer Vaccines: Harnessing the Immune System to Fight Cancer - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Newborn Nutrition - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Newborn Screening - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Newborn Seizures - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Newborn Skin Infections - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Newborn Surgery - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Pediatric Cancer Treatment: Innovations in Targeted Therapy - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Nursing Education and Roles of a Nursing - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Nutrition and Growth in Early Childhood - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Nutrition and Obesity Prevention in Children - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Nutritional Challenges in Premature Infants - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Nutritional Impacts on Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Nutritional Management in Neonates - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Nutritional Support and Metabolic Management in Pediatric Oncology: Enhancing Treatment and Recovery - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Oncology and Cancer Diagnosis - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Optimizing Brain Rehabilitation with AI and Neuroplasticity - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- Overweight and Obesity - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Paediatric Allergy & Infectious Diseases - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Paediatric Cardiology - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Paediatric Dermatology - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Paediatric Endocrinology - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Paediatric Nephrology and Urology - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Paediatric Neurology - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Paediatric Nutrition and Breast Feeding - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Paediatric Primary Care - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Paediatric Psychology - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Paediatric Radiology - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Paediatric Trauma & Depression - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Paediatrics Oncology and Haematology - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Advanced Life Support - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Allergy - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Allergy & Infectious Diseases - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Allergy & Infectious Diseases - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Allergy and Asthma - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Allergy and Infections - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Pediatric Allergy and Infections - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric and Neonatal Gastroenterology - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Pediatric and Neonatal Nutrition - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Pediatric Anesthesia - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric angioplasty - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric Asthma Management: Guidelines and New Therapies - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric atherosclerosis - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors: Advancing Care and Treatment - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Pediatric Cancer Epidemiology and Global Challenges: Understanding and Overcoming Barriers - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Pediatric Cancer Stem Cell Biology and Targeted Therapies: Unlocking New Treatment Frontiers - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Pediatric cardiac arrhythmias - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric Cardiac Tumors - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric Cardiologist - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Cardiology - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Pediatric Cardiology - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Cardiology - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Cardiology - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Cardiology - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Cardiology - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Cardiology - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Cardiology - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric cardiology - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric Cardiology - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Care - PEDIATRIC CONGRESS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiovascular Health - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Care - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Care & Nursing - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Care & Nursing - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric coronary thrombectomy - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric Cosmetology and Surgery - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric critical care - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Critical Care and Emergency Medicine - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE AND PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Dentistry - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Dentistry - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Dentistry - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Dentistry - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Health - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Dentists - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Dermatology - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Dermatology - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Dermatology - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Dermatology - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Dermatology: Common Skin Conditions in Children - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Dermatology: Skin and Allergies - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Diet - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Pediatric Diseases - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Emergency Care - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Advances - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Emergency Preparedness and Response - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Endocrinology - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Endocrinology - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Endocrinology - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Endocrinology - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Endocrinology - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Endocrinology: Diabetes and Hormonal Disorders - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Endocrinology: Growth and Hormonal Disorders - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Disorders - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology: Common GI Disorders in Children - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Gastrointestinal Cancer - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease & Diagnosis - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Pediatric Gastrointestinal Surgery - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Pediatric Genetic Disorders and Rare Diseases - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Genetics - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Gynaecology - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric heart murmurs - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric Hematology - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Hepatology - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Hepatology - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Hepatology - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Pediatric Immunization - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Immuno-Oncology: Advancing Cancer Treatment through the Immune System - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Pediatric Immunology - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Immunology - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Immunology and Allergy - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Infections - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Case Studies - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunization - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccination - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccination Strategies - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases in Resource-Limited Settings - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Pediatric Influenza: Prevention and Management - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Pediatric Neonatal Diseases - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Nephrology - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Nephrology and Urology - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Neurology - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Neurology - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Pediatric Neurology - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Neurology - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Neurology - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Neurology - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Neurology - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Neurology and Endocrinology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurological Disorders - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- PEDIATRIC NEUROSCIENCES - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- PEDIATRIC NURSING - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Nursing - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Nursing - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Nursing - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Nursing - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Nutrition - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- PEDIATRIC NUTRITION - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Nutrition - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Nutrition - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Nutrition - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Nutrition - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Nutrition and Baby Foods - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Nutrition and Growth - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Nutrition and Growth - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Nutrition and Obesity Management - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Obesity - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Oncology - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Oncology - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Oncology - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Oncology - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Oncology - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Oncology & Hematology - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology - EURO PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Oncology Clinical Trials and Research: Advancing the Future of Pediatric Cancer Care - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Pediatric Oncology Nursing and Palliative Care: Advancing Compassionate Care - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Pediatric Oncology: New Treatments and Therapies - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Ophthalmologist - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Ophthalmology - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Ophthalmology - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Ophthalmology - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Orthodontics - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Orthopedics - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Otolaryngology - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Otolaryngology - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Palliative Care: Supportive Interventions - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Parental Nutrition - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Pediatric pericarditis - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric Pharmacology - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Primary Care - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Psychology - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Psychology - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Psychology - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Pulmonary Atresia - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric Pulmonologist - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Pulmonologist - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Pulmonology - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Pulmonology - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Pulmonology - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Respiratory Disorders - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Radiology - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Research - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Research - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Respiratory Disorders: Asthma and Chronic Lung Diseases - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Rheumatic Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- Pediatric Rheumatology - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Rheumatology - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Rheumatology - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Autoimmune Disorders - Euroclinical-2025 (Hungary)
- Pediatric Sepsis: Detection and Treatment - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Pediatric stroke - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- PEDIATRIC SURGERY - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Surgery - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Pediatric Surgery - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric surgery - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Surgery - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Surgery - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Surgery - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Surgery - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Surgery and Anesthesia - Pediatricshealth 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Surgery and Neonatology - General Pediatrics 2025 (Canada)
- PEDIATRIC TRAUMA & DEPRESSION - Euro Pediatrics 2025 (France)
- Pediatric Trauma & Depression - PEDIATRIC-CARDIOLOGY-2025 (France)
- Pediatric Trauma & Depression - FANEOTRICS 2025 (Spain)
- Pediatric Tuberculosis: Challenges and Innovations - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Pediatric Urology - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Pediatric Urology & Nephrology - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatric Urology and Nephrology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Urology: Common Issues and Surgical Interventions - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Vaccination: Updates and Controversies - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Pediatric Vaccines and Immunization - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Pediatrics - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatrics - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Pediatrics - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Pediatrics - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Pediatrics - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatrics - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatrics and Neonatal Intensive Care - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Pediatrics Case Reports - Pediatric Nutrition 2025 (Switzerland)
- Pediatrics Haematology & Oncology - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatrics Hematology & Oncology - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Pediatrics Obesity - World Pediatrics-2025 (Italy)
- Pediatrics Obesity: Analysis and Treatment - Advanced Pediatrics-2025 (Germany)
- Pediatrics Surgery - Primary Care 2025 (UK)
- Pediatrics Vaccines - Global Pediatrics Summit-2025 (UK)
- Perinatal - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Perinatology - Neonatal-2025 (Canada)
- Personalized Nutrition Strategies for Neonates - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Personalized Pediatric Treatment Plans Powered by AI - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- Physical Activity and Nutrition - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Precision Medicine in Pediatrics - Pediatrics -2025 (Canada)
- Precision Medicine in Pediatrics: AI’s Role in Customizing Treatment - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- Predicting Pediatric Neurological Disorders with Machine Learning - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- Preterm Birth - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Prevention and Early Detection of Pediatric Cancers: Shaping the Future of Cancer Care - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Psychosocial Care for Pediatric Cancer Patients and Families - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Public Health and Policy Approaches to Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Public Health Policies for Improving Child Wellbeing - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Rare Genetic Disorders and Their Management in Pediatrics - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Rare Pediatric Cancers and Novel Therapies: Exploring New Frontiers in Treatment - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Rehabilitation Robotics & AI: Advancing Pediatric Neurotherapy - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- Retinopathy of Prematurity - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Revolutionizing Pediatric Brain Mapping with AI & Neuroimaging - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- Role of AI and Big Data in Pediatric Oncology: Transforming Diagnosis and Treatment - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Role of AI and Digital Tools in Pediatrics - Pediatrics Health 2025 (Canada)
- Role of Occupational and Physical Therapy - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Social Paediatrics - CLINICAL PEDIATRICS-2025 (Canada)
- Studying Pediatric Brain Aging & Neurodegeneration with AI - Pediatric Neurology 2025 (Netherlands)
- Survivorship and Long-Term Care in Pediatric Oncology: Ensuring a Future beyond Cancer - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Telemedicine and E-health - NEONATAL NURSING 2025 (Italy)
- Telemedicine in Developmental Medicine - Neonatology Meeting 2025 (Spain)
- Telemedicine in Pediatric Care: Opportunities and Challenges - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) - Pediatric Cardiology_2025 (Netherlands)
- The Role of Telemedicine in Pediatric Cancer Care: Expanding Access and Improving Outcomes - Pediatric Cancer Congress 2025 (Scotland)
- Transitioning Care from NICU to Home: Family-Centered Approaches - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Travel Medicine and Pediatric Infectious Diseases - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)
- Updates in Pediatric Endocrine Disorders - Pediatrics - 2025 (Canada)
- Vaccination - PEDIATRICS-2025 (Italy)
- Zika Virus and Microcephaly - Neonatology-2025 (Canada)
- Zoonotic and Vector-borne Diseases in Pediatrics - Pediatric Infections 2025 (Scotland)